Understanding Varicocele:
A varicocele is an enlargement of the veins within the scrotum’s 男性不妊 原因 plexus, similar to varicose veins in the legs. It is one of the most common reversible causes of male infertility, affecting approximately 15% of men and up to 40% of those with primary infertility.
How Varicocele Affects Fertility:
- Increased Testicular Temperature:
- The abnormal blood flow raises scrotal temperature, impairing spermatogenesis (sperm production).
- Oxidative Stress:
- Varicocele disrupts normal blood flow, leading to increased levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that damage sperm DNA.
- Reduced Hormonal Function:
- It can alter testosterone production, further affecting fertility.
Symptoms:
- Often asymptomatic but may include:
- Dull, aching pain in the scrotum.
- Noticeable swelling or lump in the scrotum.
Diagnosis and Treatment:
- Diagnosis:
- Physical examination and scrotal ultrasound to confirm the presence and severity of varicocele.
- Treatment Options:
- Varicocelectomy: Surgical removal of enlarged veins.
- Embolization: A minimally invasive procedure to block abnormal blood flow.
- Post-treatment improvements are seen in sperm count, motility, and quality in many cases.